What is Facial Paralysis?

Facial paralysis is a condition that manifests as a loss of movement, twitching, or weakness in a portion or all of the facial muscles. Facial paralysis usually appears suddenly and can make it difficult for the person to make expressions, blink, or smile. This condition can develop as a result of nerve damage, trauma, infection, tumor, or neurological diseases.

Symptoms such as dry eye, impaired saliva flow in the mouth, and a reduced sense of taste may also be seen in people with facial paralysis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for the prevention of permanent damage.

How does Facial Paralysis occur?

Facial paralysis usually occurs as a result of damage to the facial nerve. The most common cause is the temporary inflammation of the facial nerve due to a virus, known as Bell’s palsy. In addition to this:

• Ear infections
• Blows to the head-neck area
• Brain tumors
• Stroke (paralysis)
• Lyme disease
• Exposure to severe cold weather
  can also cause facial paralysis.

How is Facial Paralysis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of facial paralysis is usually made by clinical examination. The specialist physician evaluates the movements of the facial muscles and tests nerve functions. The following tests may be performed to understand whether the immobility in the face is due to nerve damage or a brain-related problem:

• Hearing and balance tests
• Tear and taste test
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Computed Tomography (CT)
• Electroneurography (ENoG) and Electromyography (EMG) tests

Through these tests, the cause of facial paralysis and the degree of nerve damage can be determined.

How is Facial Paralysis treated?

The treatment method varies according to the cause of the facial paralysis.

• Antiviral drugs may be used in cases caused by viral infection.
• If there is inflammation (edema), medications containing cortisone (steroid) may be administered.
• If a bacterial infection is detected, antibiotic treatment may be necessary.
• Artificial tear drops are recommended for patients who cannot fully close their eyelids.
• Physiotherapy and facial exercises play an important role in preserving and regaining muscle movement.

In some cases, nerve repair or plastic surgery interventions may be required. Consulting an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist early increases treatment success.

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Facial Paralysis

Facial paralysis is a condition that occurs with the weakening or complete loss of function of the facial muscles. The most common type, Bell’s palsy, is due to temporary damage to the facial nerve (nervus facialis). This condition can affect speech, blinking, smiling, eating, and mimic movements. Physical therapy and rehabilitation are critical for the recovery of facial paralysis without leaving permanent marks.

The Goal of Rehabilitation in Facial Paralysis

The goal of treatment is to regain coordination of the facial muscles, increase muscle strength, and reduce asymmetric appearance. Rehabilitation started early accelerates nerve recovery and prevents secondary complications.

Methods Used in the Treatment Process

1. Facial Muscle Exercises

The aim is to re-educate the muscles with exercises planned specifically for the patient. Facial expressions made in the mirror, lip and eye movements, cheek inflation, and whistling exercises are fundamental activities.

2. Electrical Stimulation

Low-frequency electrical currents are applied to the facial muscles to support muscle activation. This method is particularly effective in cases where nerve impulse conduction is slowed.

3. Biofeedback Therapy

Systems that allow the patient to see their muscle activity on a screen make it easier to work the correct muscle group. This prevents incorrect muscle compensations.

4. Massage and Manual Therapy

Gentle massages applied to the facial muscles increase circulation, reducing muscle spasms and edema. Muscle tone is balanced through manual therapy.

5. Mirror Therapy and Mimic Training

Exercises performed in front of a mirror reinforce correct muscle activation in the brain. This helps reduce the differences between the two sides of the face.

Duration of Rehabilitation

The recovery period varies according to the type of paralysis and the degree of nerve damage. Significant progress is generally achieved between 3 and 6 months. However, complete recovery can take up to a year in some patients.

What should people with facial paralysis pay attention to?

• Protecting against cold weather and wind
• Keeping the eyes moist
• Doing regular facial exercises
• Not neglecting medications recommended by the doctor
• Getting enough rest and reducing stress

These measures can accelerate the healing process and minimize nerve damage.