Neurology
Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the nervous system and neurologists who undertake this task; They deal with the treatment of disorders of the brain, spinal cord and surrounding nerves.
What is Neurology?
The medical science branch neurology, which deals with issues related to the physiology and diseases of the nervous system, is the treatment of diseases that occur in any of the parts of the nervous system and do not require surgical intervention by the neurology department. Neurology specialist is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases affecting the brain and nervous system. In short, the neurology specialist is called a neurologist.
The nervous system is a system that takes part in the administration of the body and is very complex in its structure and functioning. The study of this system and the elucidation of its functions have been mostly in the last century. The use of electroencephalography method, computerised brain tomography and magnetic resonance device in the field of medicine has increased the possibilities of early diagnosis and timely treatment of this science.
Today, it is possible to have information about many diseases of the brain and nervous system through neurological science, which is a very important health field. Thus, early diagnosis and successful treatment of many diseases can be done. Neurology is the branch of science in which problems such as dizziness, numbness in hands, arms, feet and legs, weakness, involuntary movements, headache, visual impairment, contraction of the hands, tremors, sleep problems, forgetfulness are investigated. Neurology, a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, blood vessels and nerves, also examines the central nervous system, autonomic and peripheral nervous systems in detail.
Areas Related to Neurology Branch?
Diseases involving the brain, spinal cord and surrounding nerves (tumours, inflammation, accidents, etc.) are generally the same. However, depending on the function of these structures, the shape and extent of the disruption in the body varies. What is seen in the disorders of the surrounding nerves is a decrease in strength and sensation in the area where that nerve goes. Sweating and blood supply are also impaired in these areas due to the nervous effect. This is because the fibres of the vegetative nervous system are also carried in the surrounding nerves.
The spinal cord is the main pathway that carries sensory impulses from the organs to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the surroundings. In the event of a spinal cord injury, loss of strength, loss of sensation and the inability to perform certain neural functions may occur. In addition, if the spinal cord is damaged, the person loses control of urine and faeces. Diseases of the brain can be general or localised. A tumour or trauma (bruising, injury) can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the local effect, while encephalitis or poisoning can cause problems affecting the whole body.
Until recently, there was little that neurologists could do in the event of a nervous system disorder. Even now, the treatment of an advanced brain tumour is not very promising. A good evaluation of the symptoms and the appropriate use of diagnostic methods ensure early diagnosis.
Advances in neurosurgery (brain and nerve surgery) have made many neurological diseases, which were considered incurable, treatable. Multiple sclerosis, nerve paralyses, speech disorders and Parkinson’s disease are some of the diseases that neurology deals with.
Neurology physicians (neurologists) work in cooperation with branches such as brain and nerve surgery (neurosurgery), psychiatry, psychology, ophthalmology, physical therapy. The diagnostic methods they use include MRI, CT, EEG and EMG. Details of this subject will be given in the “Diagnostic Units” section.
Which Diseases Does Neurology Department Treat?
Neurology department analyses the brain and nervous system, which is a very important organ in human health. Some of the diseases that are of interest to this department are as follows;
Headaches
Dizziness
Diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia that cause forgetfulness,
Diseases caused by faulty genes, such as Huntington’s disease and muscular dystrophy,
Problems related to congenital disorders of the nervous system, such as spina bifida,
Stroke, half-body paralysis,
Epilepsy (epilepsy)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Parkinson’s disease
ALS
Movement disorders, i.e. tremor of the hands, dyskinesia,
Muscle diseases (Duschenne-Becker, Muscular Dystrophy)
Infections such as meningitis,
Poliomyelitis (polio)
Sleep disorders,
Brain tumours
Myasthenia (muscle disease)
Peripheral neuropathy
Diagnosis of these diseases passes through the following stages. Firstly, careful examination by physicians, various imaging methods, laboratory analyses, EMG and EEG diagnostic methods facilitate the diagnosis of patients by giving valuable clues.
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