Golfer's Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
Golfer’s elbow, medically known as medial epicondylitis, is a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the muscles of the forearm to the inside of the elbow. Despite its name, this condition does not only affect golfers; it can occur in anyone who repetitively uses their wrist or forearm muscles.
What is golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis)?
Golfer’s elbow is a type of tendonitis that affects the tendons on the inside of the elbow. These tendons connect the muscles of the forearm to the bony prominence on the inside of the elbow (medial epicondyle). Repetitive stress or overuse of these tendons can cause small tears, inflammation, and pain.
Although this condition is most commonly associated with golf, it can also be caused by other activities that require repetitive gripping, twisting, or lifting. Examples include tennis, weightlifting, keyboarding, and even manual labor.
What are the causes of golfer’s elbow?
Golfer’s elbow is usually caused by repetitive stress or overuse of the muscles and tendons of the forearm. Common causes include:
Repetitive Motions: Repetitive wrist bending, gripping or twisting movements, such as golf and tennis swings or hammering
Improper Technique: Using incorrect form in sports or physical activities can put more stress on the tendons.
Overuse: Using the forearm muscles for long periods of time without rest
Age and Deterioration: Tendons become less flexible and more prone to injury as we age.
Occupational Risks: Jobs that require repetitive hand or wrist movements, such as carpentry, plumbing or keyboarding, may increase the risk.
What are the symptoms of golfer’s elbow?
The main symptom of golfer’s elbow is pain and tenderness on the inside of the elbow. Other symptoms may include:
- Pain radiating from the elbow to the forearm or wrist
- Weakness in the hands or wrists
- Stiffness in the elbow
- Numbness or tingling in the fingers (in severe cases)
- Difficulty gripping objects or performing daily activities
Symptoms usually appear gradually and may worsen with continued activity.
How is golfer’s elbow diagnosed?
If you think you have golfer’s elbow, it’s important to see a health care provider for a proper diagnosis. The diagnostic process generally goes like this:
Medical History: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, activities, and recent injuries.
Physical Exam: Your doctor may press on the affected area or ask you to do certain movements to assess pain and range of motion.
Imaging Tests: In some cases, X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds may be used to rule out other conditions, such as fractures or arthritis.
What are the treatment options for golfer’s elbow?
The good news is that golfer’s elbow is a treatable condition, and most people recover completely with conservative treatments. Common treatment options include:
- Rest and Activity Modification
Avoiding activities that increase pain and taking breaks during repetitive tasks to reduce the load on the tendons are effective treatments.
- Ice Therapy
Apply an ice pack to the affected area for 15–20 minutes several times a day to reduce inflammation and pain.
- Pain Reliever Medications
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can relieve pain and swelling.
- Physical Therapy
A physical therapist can create a customized exercise program to strengthen your forearm muscles, increase flexibility, and promote healing.
- Using a Brace or Splint
Wearing a brace or splint can reduce the load on the tendons and support the elbow as it heals.
- Corticosteroid Injections
In severe cases, your doctor may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
- Shock Wave Therapy
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) uses sound waves to stimulate healing in affected tendons.
- Surgery
Surgery is rarely necessary but may be considered if symptoms persist for more than 6–12 months despite conservative treatments.
Can you prevent golfer’s elbow?
The following precautions can help reduce the load on your forearm tendons and help you adopt good habits:
Warm Up and Stretch: Always warm up and stretch your forearm muscles before physical activity.
Use Proper Technique: Make sure you use proper form during sports or repetitive tasks.
Strengthen Your Forearm Muscles Do exercises to strengthen your forearm and wrist muscles.
Take Breaks Prevent overuse by taking regular breaks during repetitive activities.
Use Ergonomic Tools Choose tools and equipment that reduce the load on your hands and wrists.
Listen to Your Body Stop any activity that causes pain or discomfort.
Frequently Asked Questions About Golfer's Elbow
Are golfer’s elbow and tennis elbow the same thing?
No, golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) affects the inside of the elbow, while tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) affects the outside of the elbow. Both conditions are types of tendonitis, but they involve different tendons.
How long does it take for golfer’s elbow to heal?
The recovery time depends on the severity of the condition. With the right treatment, most people recover within 6–12 weeks. Severe cases can take several months.
Can I play sports with golfer’s elbow?
It’s best to avoid activities that increase pain. Returning to sports too soon can delay healing and increase the risk of further injury.
What exercises help with golfer’s elbow?
Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises, such as wrist curls, reverse wrist curls and grip strengthening, can help your recovery. If you see a physical therapist, he or she can recommend exercises specific to your condition.
When should I see a doctor?
See your doctor if you experience the following:
- Pain persists despite rest and home treatments
- You have severe pain, swelling, or difficulty moving your elbow
- Symptoms interfere with your daily activities
If you are experiencing symptoms of golfer’s elbow, be sure to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and an effective treatment plan.
By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take proactive steps to protect your elbow health and prevent future injuries. Remember, early intervention is the key to a speedy recovery.
Sources:
- Mayo Clinic
- WebMD
- Cleveland Clinic
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) –
- Harvard Health Publishing
- MedlinePlus