Treatment of Tennis Elbow

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a painful condition that affects the tendons on the outside of the elbow. Despite its name, this condition is not unique to tennis players; it can occur in anyone who repetitively uses their forearm muscles.

What is lateral epicondylitis?

Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, is a type of tendonitis that affects the tendons that connect the muscles of the forearm to the bony prominence (lateral epicondyle) on the outside of the elbow. These tendons function to extend the wrist and fingers. Repetitive strain or overuse of these tendons can cause small tears, inflammation, and pain.

Although this condition is most commonly associated with tennis, it can also be caused by other activities that involve repetitive gripping, twisting, or lifting. For example, painting walls, writing, gardening, and heavy labor can all cause this condition.

Why does tennis elbow occur?

Tennis elbow usually develops due to repetitive stress or overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons. Common causes include:

Repetitive Movements: Activities that require wrist extension, gripping or rotation, such as tennis shots, painting or using tools

Improper Technique: Using incorrect form in sports or physical activities can increase the load on the tendons.

Overuse: Using the forearm muscles for long periods of time without adequate rest

Aging and Degeneration: Tendons lose flexibility and become more prone to injury as we age.

Occupational Risks: Occupations that require repetitive hand and wrist movements, such as carpentry, plumbing or constant typing, are risk factors.

What are the symptoms of tennis elbow?

The most common symptom of tennis elbow is pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow. Other symptoms include:

  • Radiation of pain from the elbow to the forearm or wrist
  • Weakness in the hand and wrist
  • Stiffness in the elbow
  • Difficulty gripping objects or performing daily activities
  • Increased pain during wrist extension or grasping movements

Symptoms usually develop slowly and may worsen with continued activity.

How is tennis elbow diagnosed?

If you think you have tennis elbow, it is important to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. The diagnostic process usually includes:

Medical History: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, activities, and recent injuries.

Physical Exam: Your doctor may apply pressure to the affected area or ask you to perform certain movements to assess pain and range of motion.

Imaging Tests: In some cases, tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds may be done to rule out other conditions, such as fractures or arthritis.

How is tennis elbow treated?

Tennis elbow is a treatable condition. The following options can be applied to treat the discomfort:

  1. Rest and Activity Change
    • Avoid activities that increase pain.
    • Reduce the load on the tendons by taking breaks during repetitive work/activities.
  1. Ice Therapy
    • You can reduce inflammation and pain by applying ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day.
  1. Painkillers
    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can relieve pain and swelling.
  1. Physical Therapy
    • Physical therapy may create a specific exercise program to strengthen the forearm muscles, increase flexibility, and promote healing.
  1. Using an Elbow Splint or Brace
    • A splint or brace can help reduce the load on the tendons and aid in healing.
  1. Corticosteroid Injections
    • In severe cases, your doctor may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
  1. Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT)
    • Extracorporeal shock wave therapy uses sound waves to promote healing in affected tendons.
  1. PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) Treatment
    • PRP treatment can accelerate healing by injecting a high concentration of platelets taken from the patient’s own blood into the affected area.
  1. Surgery
    • If symptoms do not respond to conservative treatments for 6-12 months, surgery may be considered.

How can you prevent tennis elbow?

You can take the following precautions to prevent tennis elbow:

Warm Up and Stretch: Warm up and stretch your forearm muscles before starting physical activities.

Use Proper Technique: Use correct movements in sports or repetitive tasks.

Muscle Strengthening: Do exercises that strengthen the forearm and wrist muscles.

Take Regular Breaks: Take regular breaks to avoid repetitive movements.

Use Ergonomic Tools: Choose tools that reduce the load on the hand and wrist.

Listen to Your Body: Stop the activity if you feel pain or discomfort.

Frequently Asked Questions About Tennis Elbow

  1. Are tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow the same?
    No, tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) affects the outer part of the elbow, while golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) affects the inner part.
  2. How long does it take for tennis elbow to heal?
    Depending on the treatment, recovery can be achieved within 6-12 weeks. More severe cases may take several months to heal.
  3. Can I do sports while I have tennis elbow?
    Avoiding activities that increase pain will speed up the healing process.
Sources:
  • Mayo Clinic
  • WebMD
  • Cleveland Clinic
  • American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
  • Harvard Health Publishing
  • MedlinePlus
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