What is an IUD (Intrauterine Device) and Why is it Used?
One of the most popular and reliable options among birth control methods, the IUD (Intrauterine Device), commonly known as a “Spiral,” is a long-term protection method preferred by millions of women every year. So, why do women choose the IUD? What are the differences between hormonal and copper IUDs?
What is an IUD (Spiral)?
An IUD is a small medical device, usually “T-shaped,” made of flexible plastic or copper, that is inserted into the uterus. Its primary purpose is to prevent pregnancy by stopping sperm from reaching the egg or preventing a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus.
Why do women prefer using an IUD?
There are 5 fundamental reasons behind the widespread use of the IUD:
1. High Protection Rate (99% Success)
Methods like birth control pills or condoms carry a risk of “user error.” However, the IUD provides over 99% protection from the moment it is inserted. It completely eliminates the anxiety of “forgetting the pill.”
2. “Fit and Forget” Comfort (Long-lasting Use)
Depending on the type, an IUD provides protection for 3 to 10 years. It does not require a daily, weekly, or monthly reminder. It offers long-term family planning without disrupting the flow of your life.
3. Easily Reversible (Fertility is Not Lost)
One of the biggest urban legends is that the IUD causes infertility. This is false. Fertility returns immediately as soon as the IUD is removed. When you plan a pregnancy, your doctor can remove the device in seconds.
4. Offering a Non-Hormonal Option (Copper IUD)
For women who do not want to take synthetic hormones into their bodies, the copper IUD is an excellent option. It prevents pregnancy through the effect of copper on sperm alone, without disrupting your natural cycle.
5. Treating Excessive Menstrual Bleeding (Hormonal IUD)
Hormonal IUDs are used not only for birth control but also for treating women who experience excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) and severe menstrual cramps. It reduces bleeding by thinning the uterine lining and improves quality of life.
IUD Types: Which one is right for you?
IUD use is a personal choice and should be determined based on a doctor’s examination. There are two main types:
- Copper IUD (Classic): Does not contain hormones. It does not change the menstrual cycle (though it may increase bleeding slightly in the first few months). Provides protection for up to 10 years.
- Hormonal IUD: Releases a low dose of progestogen hormone. It reduces or may completely stop menstrual bleeding. Usually provides protection for 3-5 years.
[Image showing the comparison between a Copper T-shaped IUD and a Hormonal IUD]
Who should not use an IUD?
Although the IUD is very safe, it is not recommended in some cases:
- Those with suspected pregnancy,
- Individuals with congenital abnormalities in the uterine structure,
- Those with an active pelvic infection,
- Individuals with unexplained vaginal bleeding.
How is an IUD inserted? Does it hurt?
The procedure is usually performed during the last days of the menstrual period (since the cervix is more open) and takes only 5-10 minutes. A mild cramp or a sensation similar to menstrual pain may be felt, but it is not an unbearable pain. You can return to your daily life immediately after the procedure.
Frequently Asked Questions About the IUD (Spiral)
1- Does the IUD cause weight gain?
Copper IUDs have no effect on weight. Since hormonal IUDs contain a very low dose of hormones, their effect on weight gain is negligible compared to birth control pills.
2- Can the IUD be felt during sexual intercourse?
No. A correctly placed IUD is not felt by either the woman or her partner. Only the strings at the cervix may be felt very rarely; in this case, your doctor can shorten the strings.
4- Can an IUD shift or fall out?
Although very rare, there is a possibility that the IUD may shift or dislodge. Therefore, it is important to confirm its position during a check-up 1 month after insertion and then during annual gynecological exams.
5- Can an IUD be used as emergency contraception?
Yes! Inserting a copper IUD within the first 5 days after unprotected intercourse is the most effective “morning-after” method, preventing pregnancy by 99%.
The IUD (Spiral) is the most preferred birth control method for modern women due to its reliability, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. If you are looking for a long-term and secure protection method, be sure to consult your gynecologist to determine the type of IUD that is most suitable for you.